Timeline

•1969: 1st experimental models of defibs

•1970: canine implants

•1980: 1st human implant

•1980-1985: clinical trials of ICD implants

•1985: FDA approved 1st ICD for human use

•1988 – programmability available

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•~10x bigger than current devices

•Abdominal implants

•Required a thoracotomy to implant leads

•Devices initially considered as last resort for tx options